The Scope of Gravitational Waves

From wikicommons

Nasa 2005

On February 11, 2016, LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, announced in a press release that for the first-time human beings have detected gravitational waves through the process of experimentation. This is rightly taken as a major achievement, according to “formal” scientific theory that humans have detected gravity waves it means gravity officially exist. This negates the fact that calculations that can only work with the inclusion of gravity have been around since the time of Galileo, and probably before if we search and reason with nothing but a scientific mind that wants to know, if interested in English grammar, one can read Shakespear, if interested in racism, read Hitler, lots of others, you are for the battlefield,  people calling themselves scientists yet carrying out racial experiments to prove their race, this is for those interested in gravity strictly, those who want to discuss the nature of gravity given this monumental experiment that took place just over a year ago. . 

Is Gravity a Particle?

The next question that is being asked by the scientific community is, is gravity a particle? This is the next logical question, and has already been answered. Everything is information, everything is discrete, it can be isolated by its unique characteristics, a lion, a star, an electron, a photon, a human, all information is discrete and everything is information. Gravity is a particle, it exists it must be discrete if all information can be used to compute. But of course, there are always those who don’t believe everything is information, maybe some sort of spook exists out there. Is gravity the spook?

LIGO Experiment

The diagram below has the LIGO experiment that detected gravity for the first time in human history. If one is truly interested in gravity, they would be already familiar with this experiment, so will not go into too much detail, videos can always explain the experiment, we must not get caught up, what is important is not the experiment, it’s been done, it was a great success, it is not up for debate, what we want to answer is gravity a particle. Well first we must understand the nature of gravity, the chance the experiment has to offer, the data.

The idea behind the experiment we shoot a light into a mirror in A, the light splits and travels to mirrors in B and C that are set precisely 4 kilometers apart. This is a wonderful experiment in its simplicity, behind a complex theory. When the light returns from B and C back towards A, if there is no disturbance then the light should cancel out, however if there is a disturbance, then the lights do not cancel out, one will arrive before the other, either from C or B, it does not matter, that disturbance is due to gravity, gravity waves.

The experiment worked, there are lots of videos explaining it, the question of this essay is to ask, is gravity discrete or not, what does, what can this experiment tell us?

How Does it Work?

This idea comes from Einstein, Einstein was answering the question, what is time? What are the things that affect time? There is only one thing that affects time, and the answer is known to the San people once ridiculed as Bushmen, the answer is simply a question of distance. How long does it take to get there, it is a half days walk, a morning walk, a full day’s walk, that is all time is, that is why it is relative? The beauty of Einstein is he did not ask what affects gravity, he asked what makes time relative an easier question to answer, and gravity has a huge part in explaining time, and the whole experiment is around the question of time.

The two mirrors at B and C are synchronized in a such a manner that if there is no disturbance, the light returning cancels each other out. To the best of our knowledge they are 4 kilometres from mirror in A. The only disturbance that can affect this is a change is distance, the only thing that can change distance, thereby affecting time, is the pulling and contracting effect of a gravity wave. The pulling and contracting effect of gravity means if gravity waves a passing through, the laser beams inside the vacuum tunnels in B, and C can only not meet if the distances have changed, the distances can only be changed by gravity, though travelling at the same speed in both directions, light find's that the distance has changed.

Precision

We understand that the distance has been affected due to the gravity waves. Gravity waves affect matter in that at one end nature is stretched and other end nature seems compressed. This stretching and compressing effects distance as we understand it in a three-dimensional existence. As distance is affected one beam of light will take slightly longer to complete that 4-kilometer journey, this means the two beams will not cancel each other out even though conditions of the experiment have been calibrated to cancel each other out, this proves the existence of gravity and just to make sure LIGO has two stations 1000’s of kilometers apart just to make sure local events are not affecting the experiment.

The mere fact that the experiment needed arms 4 kilometers long shows the lack of precision of our current instruments. It is what we are using to calibrate that is causing this lack of precision such that just to detect a tiny movement we need to construct experiments of such magnitude, no error possible. What do we know about information, we know it is everything, everything is information, all made up of the same things. All information is discrete meaning it can be isolated, that is how we learn. Gravity is a discrete concept, we can isolate it in equations, if it could not be isolated we could never know what gravity is, people saw apples falling from a tree it is said and they said gravity. If nothing was discrete we would not be able to know the difference between 1 + 2 = 3, and 3 + 1 = 4, it would be meaningless. If nothing was discrete 3 + 7 = 10 might as well be e = mc2 we would not be able to differentiate.

As all information is discrete and can be isolated, all information can be used for computing. Pastoralists learn counting by counting their cows, each cow being a digit, a cow is just information organized in such a manner that we call it a cow. To others the digit is quantum, sub atomic particles.

Are the subatomic particles we are using too big, too heavy for further calibration, meaning we need to go finer with what we are using for measuring, maybe one day gravitons will be used to compute, so small, making precision in our instruments even more precise. You can use stars as your abacus if you like, all information can be isolated and used to compute. But stars are impractical, they are too big, the computer would cover the galaxy.

What is the Nature of Gravity Waves, Are they Particles?

At the end of the day there are those in the old-fashioned mode asking wow, we have proved the existence of gravity waves, now, are they particles. There is no formal proof to the answer, but there was no formal proof of gravity waves until February 2016, but gravity has been included in equations for a very long time. We know everything is discrete and why should gravity escape this? If everything is discrete, it means gravity waves are particles.

With the fortune of hindsight behind us we can ask many questions around the experiment. This is only because people are already eager to start the long journey of holding a gravity particle in the laboratory and say here it is. So when the returning lights do not cancel each other out, light will pass through and hit another mirror, one count. Absolute precision that a light beam can cancel another, but each time they did not cancel each other what was intensity of light hitting the mirror, was it always the same, what differences were there? Was it the same for light returning from B as well as C. We need data before even getting started on proving discreteness by the method of what people need as proof, literally seeing the gravity particle. From that experiment alone they could have set it up with desire to collect data from their great experiment.

Light intensity tells us the nature of the wave, it gives us its frequency just for starters. We can have a regular monotonous pattern. Little data but the beginnings of fully comprehending what these gravity waves are, we are looking at their behavior. That’s what those social scientists who want to control do, look at the behavior of the people, the domestic branch of intelligence, institutions like the FBI, we must collect data, even the simplest of data is data, it’s something.

There could very well be patterns within patterns, merely having a different intensity between light returning from B than that of C is very big news indeed, the nature of the wave is not uniform, behaviour is vastly difference, any difference is enough, it is enough to differentiate, to isolate further, sure it is gravity, but there is differentiation.

Why is this concept of differentiation important even though we know it is all just gravity? We know from quantum tunnelling that though all particles may seem similar with our imprecise calibration, experiment shows differentiation, similar sub-atomic particles per our instrumentation however when given a barrier, some will go through, some will not go through. Different intensity of the light returning depending on origin of destination, be it B, or C, then we have different characteristics within gravity.

There is much more, what if we get a repeating pattern from both sources of returning light There is just so much to learn by merely collecting the simplest data without any physical changes to the experiment, just as the experiment was. Though simple data, the requirements in the precision needed will be to the best in what humans can achieve right now.

Whilst collecting data, they could have, now one must remember this is all in hindsight, but, the could have surrounded B and C with different materials, They could have surrounded them with 2 meter thick concrete, does the pattern in the light intensity change, let’s not be argumentative, let us think, we know that we are thinking of the intensity of the light that passes when the synchronization is broken, intensity does not only include brightness, brightness will not be a factor here, the intensity we are looking at is how long is the light beam, how many nano seconds does the light hit the mirror each time.

What happens when we put an electric field around B and C, what effect does it have on the gravity wave. What if only B has a 2-meter concrete barrier or an electric field, what is the difference in the intensity of the light compared to other experiments. All relatively simple data, but it is needed if we are to look at gravity waves with greater intensity.

Collect the data from the experiment and you will get your experimentation proof that gravity is a particle. Let’s see how this thing behaves.

The Missing Data [added *th March 2017 2 days after original]

One would have thought that the missing data is apparent from reading the above. However, realizing the socio battles, perhaps one should explain further he missing data, vital collection method to allow us suck as much information this phenomenon verified by LIGO, a great feat indeed, it keeps everybody grounded, steps at a time.

The evidence is right in front of us, but it is missed because we where not looking for it. Simplicity is key. Let us look at the light, and only the behavior of the light, in every detail we can from this simple but technologically challenging experiment. How does gravity affect the light, from there we have data, what affects the light, gravity and nothing else we know or can think of.

What is this data that is missing, is it even relevant? Our questions dwell around time, not any other concept of intensity. Time cancels out other forms of intensity, like brightness, amount of energy, how relevant are they today, especially when it comes to gravity and the time period, because a wave loses energy, does it not remain a wave and keep some form of its original pattern, time allows such factors to be included, time simplifies things, though energy is extremely important but as we shall understand time can categorize in a way energy can not. Time can categorize a sick twin as still being in the same category as the other twin in most things besides energy. Time is a dimension that affects all dimensions, it will have more neutrality as a control.

Let’s use time, each moment the precision was lost, synchronization was lost, and effects of gravity waves was registered, how many seconds did this last. We can easily know how many seconds this lasted by timing it. The diagram below shows the data collected when considering such variables, the pattern is just that, artistic, however there is a serious scientific principle to be answered, except the data was seen as not important, therefore no steps where taken to collect this data. What remains a fact is we will collect such data. Adding a timer is one more little step in precision in so precise an experiment.

Note from the diagram above the simplicity. It is just a tally, from a tally we can importantly build a probability function, we are looking at discreetness, how do we know, if a reasonable pattern can be picked out from the data, we have a probability function, we have discreetness. We have a start, if there is a pattern, predictable, we have discreteness, gravity passes a major test of is it information, same like all other information.

The illustration above we can extract more information, by looking at which arm the data came from, this is illustrated in the diagrams below.

Was this further explanation necessary for people talking about gravity, mysteries of information? The most important factor to keep in mind is we are merely looking at time, no preconceived ideas of energy like brightness, This is the most raw of information, how long did it appear for, how bright was it is great, lots of different kinds of energy that will be inherent with gravity and not light. It appeared for 3 units of time, sometimes bright sometimes not so bright, like a ghost over here and over there, always the same one. The laser beams are central to this experiment, why not extract everything from them?

By everything we mean everything, if confident in our technology let us observe the beam of light, does the beam of light, send a pulse as a test, does the beam of light hit the mirrors at B and C at the same time, if yes, what causes spookiness of synchronization being lost. Just as important when we observe if light hits the mirrors at B and C at the same time, how is the pattern illustrated in figures above change, these are interesting questions for quantum mechanics. It is not an insult to point out that this data is very much needed. 

Bhekuzulu Khumalo

Information, gravity, quantum mechanics

D. Sharon Pruitt

Information is everything. It can be said with great confidence that in the beginning, before protons, electrons, higgs boson, before anything there was information. No scientist worth his reputation would dare argue with this. Watching 4 worthy scientists discussing information you get no doubt about the importance of information. A video worth watching entitled physics of information, the panel consisted of Dr. Chris Fuchs, Dr. Tony Leggett, Dr. Seth Lloyd, and Dr. Leonard Suskind.

Before going of their divergent paths all agree that information is fundamental in understanding the universe. Tiny differences in expressing the same thing leads to what at the end is divergent views. Take for example that Dr. Seth Lloyd believes that basically information is everything and the universe is always computing. Dr Suskind believes information is everything you need to know about a system that you can predict what happens next. This is not different from what Lloyd is saying, in reality it is the same, this little difference leading to deeper divisions as each presented their arguments.

Dr Tony Leggett made a very insightful thought, information has to be about something and it has to be embodied. All information has to be embodied what differs is how it is embodied, it can be embodied in a map for example. Suskind to exception to this statement and pointed out that maps can be different the true relationship between cities of Windsor and Kitchener is out there on the earth. Great point but one feels he is missing question of embodiment, even out there, relationship between Kitchener and Windsor is embodied on the earth. If it is known it is embodied in the mind through the brain cells.

Information is key to understanding and explaining the universe in its most simplest terms. However, there is always some disagreement, take Adrian Ferent in his video Faster than the speed of light he declares that "in the beginning was the graviton." He cannot be far if everything is to make sense when accepting the idea that everything is just information, quantum bits so to say.

On LinkedIn,  a Laurent R Duchesne posted some interesting comments about gravity, incidentally allowing this article to take form as gravity is always a difficult question. He posted a video link entitled On Quantum Gravity and the section he posted was of Andy Parker of the Atlas project revealing his thoughts about gravity. "Why is gravity so weak? One possible explanation is that it is not actually weak, it is just as strong as the other forces but we are missing part of it. Gravity is leaking into the extra dimensions, so when we calculate the strength of gravity we are only seeing the piece in the 3d.

Parker and Ferent are both correct in implying the power of gravity. Parker's insights of course led him to believe that gravity is probably as strong as the other forces but it is leaking into other dimensions. Possibly gravity does not need an extra fourth dimension to make the mathematics look tidier and neater, why can we not look at information, the question of information density, and then see how powerful gravity truly is, and a clue to the simplest and best explanation of information.

Information can be understood as the instructions that finally lead to stable particles in the third dimension. A lot of information goes into creating a stable particle as can be seen in colliders. If we are looking for gravitons in colliders, it must mean we believe that gravity is an information package in every particle, and has no mass.

Information creates particles, then particles become the information. A particle is therefore merely an information package. The same information packages having the same properties. What do we witness in colliders? We witness information packages breaking up revealing yet more information. A mistake that we are all making is believing a particle has information in it, the particle is the information. More complex particles of course themselves having information in them.

The original information is a basic particle containing nothing. Its only information was exist. This basic information for us to feel solid matter must mean this basic information had one command exist and there must have been a strong attraction for us to end up with strings. This attraction force has to be the original gravity. Exist must then be calculated to mean join, be attracted. This information package is then distributed in a random distribution package and we get variance in strings. Incidentally this basic information with just the command exist is the original measurement. Using it as a standard would make all else discrete, therefore if Planck Length is correct it measures and is basic unit of length and makes all other measures discrete, if not, then Planck Length might not be measuring, exist, gravity.

To exist in the 3rd dimension information has to have higher density than to exist in lower dimensions. As a rule we can deduce that the higher the dimension the more dense the information has to be. By information density we mean the amount of information in the package. The higgs boson for example is not information dense enough to exist on its own in the third dimension, its package must be included with other packages to create a larger package to get enough density in the form of larger heavier particles like photons, neutrons, and electrons, need more attraction to survive in 3rd dimension.

Basic information is at the smallest end of one dimensional, the command exist can be considered zero dimensional, the only information occupying the zero dimensional space, it literally takes no space, but it takes space. Existence best means joining with other particles creating one dimensional strings of varying lengths. This variety in length due to different amounts of identical information is what theoretically gives string theory a strength. Different size strings are what gives us variety, variety starts in the 1st dimension. These different lengths represent different instructions.

Thanks to attraction strings banding together create our quantum field, formless matter. What has occurred is that exist is still information but is now competing with other information for. Compete of course is the wrong world, forces in nature do not compete, correct sentence is exist the basic information is now collaborating with other information as survival has been ensured. Gravity is at its strongest in one dimension, the most basic information is most stable at zero dimension, but is not dense enough to become stable at one dimension it must join with other information. Exist and gravity seem and can be considered the same thing. Gravity holds everything together. The original information exist is everything. At the end, every particle is made of different arrangements of this basic information.

String theories gift to understanding this information is that different length of strings are different amounts of basic command exist.

Things become more clear with some thinking. It is easy for example to make the mistake because somehow it makes more sense to believe that information acts on particles, on formless matter to create matter, not realizing matter and formless matter are just information themselves. Enough strings create a 2 dimensional field. The variety increases in 2d, the information becomes more dense, other forces help gravity to keep everything together, these other forces are a result of variety and will themselves help create variety.

It is in the upper spectrum of the 2d field that we have enough information density to create what we consider solid matter. It is correct to talk in terms of spectrum, in 3rd dimension lower end of spectrum is just stable particles and upper end of spectrum is complex matter. In one dimension lower end is the single information, and upper end is the string. Lower end of 2d spectrum is 2 strings upper end is complex formless matter almost having enough information density to become 3d information package, particles. The more complex the information the weaker gravity seems to get. It does not get weaker, it remains holding everything together at the most basic level, it seems to be getting weaker because new forces are arising. It is not that gravity is leaking to a 4th dimension, a 4th dimension must be information more dense than a third dimension and more complex. Gravity is a force originating from the simplest information, it seems weaker and weaker as one goes higher in dimensions because there are other forces complementing it to hold together more complex information packages.

We end up perceiving that these forces like the nuclear force, electromagnetic force as stronger than gravity when in actual fact would not exist without gravity. They are forces of the 3rd dimension, gravity is from much lower dimensions

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This  information gains variety as a means of an algorithm, if this then that. To make useful sense, at 1 dimension as not a lot of information, the area is however information rich, information has more freedom and is less concentrated as information packages are smaller.

The idea of information density can be tested. Take a an entangled particle, place on in isolation the other in a condition where it has desire to react. What happens, does the particle that is alone behave as if it has reacted as well. What about the other particle, how does it react in reactive conditions when action is taken upon the single particle. There must be a point for the particle in a reactive situation to behave with the system, but entanglement is not broken, just overwhelmed with information.

It is not that the force of geography is weak, it just relatively gets less and less with each dimension. There is gravity when there is no energy, no mass. We could put a mathematical expression but there is no need.

Entanglement is allowed to occur because information for a string must be consistent from top to bottom. Even if a string is stretched to the ends of the universe, information must remain the same at either end, and as such entanglement is instantaneous. Entanglement means the 1 dimensional phenomenon exist with us.  Entanglement has to do with information in relation between two related information packages. Does it concern the destruction of information packages?

It we took 2 entangled particles and smashed one in a collider what happens to the other.  It seems it will survive and entanglement will remain across time according to a recent experiment in Israel.

There are no shortcuts of course in any discipline, we must think long and hard at a discipline. Chris Fuchs for example believes that information is what we know. No, there is a lot more information than what we know, Chris Fuchs is talking about knowledge, though similar knowledge deals with what we know, and anybody who understands this article even if they disagree will understand the paper Point X and the economics of knowledge. Knowledge is information known to humanity in a crude sense.

Some Thoughts

Why this assumption that gravity leaks into a 4th dimension, why not all the other particles. That is taking string theory to epicycles conclusion.  It is agreed the graviton can not have mass. Heavier particles are unstable, it is expected that gravity alone is not enough information to be stable, it must remain as a packet of information basically in one dimension and probably not too stable at 2 dimensions either. No it does not disappear into 4th dimension, like any other unstable particle, pack of information it returns to where it is stable.

What is unstable in this dimension has no chance in 4th dimension. The 4th dimension the information is even more dense than in the third dimension. The 4th dimension has forces we have no clue about that come to the aide of such forces as electromagnetic, and nuclear to stabilize that dimension. In 4th dimension, a force like the electromagnetic force will seem weaker. Gravity will be felt as much weaker in the 4th dimension than it is in the 3rd dimension.

When looking at information what matters is the package, as each piece of information is independent from the other, it exists because information has been ordered in that manner by means of a random distribution. It does not matter what information comes first, all that matters is the final package of information. 

We know from looking at knowledge having given it a unit, that the rate of change decreases the higher the dimensions, meaning it increases the lower the dimension. Approaching zero dimensions rate of change is faster than the the information, instantaneous, way faster than speed light can ever achieve. This instantaneous comes out in entanglement, dealing with free information. Similar to infinite dimension, but in infinite dimensions it is instantaneous concerning velocity of a single information pack, complex information packs.

Information density is key to understanding how information works and how dimensions are separated. They are separated by the density of information. The boundary has area as it can be seen by the fact that unstable particles, information packs return to the second dimension, but for some time they exist in this dimension by the fact that for a brief moment we can measure them. That we have identified the higgs boson is because we have banged at the boundaries of dimensions in the lower end of dimensions

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It is possible that there are many different particles that are there at the beginning and gravity is just one of them dealing with the coming together, but this is unlikely, it makes more logic for there to be the original information pack we have called exist and somehow coming together creates a better existence, more diverse, maybe the original command is diversify, that would mean that gravity aids in diversity.

Hopefully, we will realize string theory is wonderful up to one dimension, it somehow does not seem to fit anything greater. If adding dimensions somehow solves problems, it does not help with gravity. If gravity is unstable in a 3 dimensional environment, it is impossible for it to survive in 4th dimension. A graviton if ever discovered in colliders like all other unstable information packages returns to where it is most stable, it leaks back to the lower dimensions like all the other unstable particles.  

Some questions from the Web (added 36 hours after first posting) Added because very important and points must be made clear

The question of embodiment.

If information precedes everything in what manner is it embodied - A particle is information, it is a set of instructions and it follows those instructions, information is embodied.

Let us just look at our 3 dimensional existence, a particle precedes everything, better to say particles precede everything. Particles are just information, so information in our 3 dimensional existence precedes everything by the very fact that particles precede everything, embodied information precedes everything. A particle is just an information package.

With modern colliders we have seen that particles can be broken even further when they smash. That information package can therefore be broken up, into smaller packages that are unstable in the 3 dimension, but stable in lower dimensions, in this case the 2 dimensional field. The 2 dimensional field provides stability for information of less complex format, less information dense. This information is bound in 2 dimensional "particles"/ phenomenon, it is embodied.

2 dimensional field coming from 1 dimensional strings, they must be of limited length, information is finite.The information is embodied in the strings and is the strings.

It is correct to say information precedes everything and it is embodied.

What is the information about - well I would guess about existence, from simple existence to very complex existence that can try and study itself as well as its surroundings like mankind. From trillions upon trillions upon trillions of identical information bits, the original command exist, to strings of different lengths to give variety. If all strings are of equal length then there could never be variety. Perhaps it would be better to say equal property rather than length.

no contradiction. It is easy to believe that information is in the particle because of the way it is illustrated like a sphere a particle, surely a sphere has information in it. No the particle is the information.

More complex particles of course themselves having more information in them. I can see what immediately looks like a contradiction, but I am trying to stress the point that particles are just bundles of information like smashing particles together we see the information bundles making up the particle momentarily appear. Maybe would have been more clear by saying more complex particles being larger information packages, larger as information package, the particle, is a set of smaller packages of information, a set of smaller particles.

Bhekuzulu Khumalo