Showing posts with label quantum physics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label quantum physics. Show all posts

Sunday, June 28, 2015

Information Theory Answers Quantum Tunneling

                                                                  wiki-commons
Quantum tunneling is puzzling, here we have a quantum phenomenon that chooses to pass a barrier or not to pass a barrier. So far, a bizarre answer is seemingly only answer, that the quantum phenomenon borrows energy from the future passes through the barrier and pays it back, but how does it pay it back, it presumably used up the borrowed energy passing the barrier, where does it get energy to pay back the future?

Information theory basically says a particle is information, it is a package of information. That package of information is made up of smaller packets of information, an electron or photon is just an information package. What does it take to become particle x, it takes a certain amount of information, a critical amount so to say until an information package can safely be defined as particle x, or just think defined as an electron if you prefer.  That information package must have enough information that it has certain characteristics that define that particle.

Once it has enough information that it is say defined as an electron as it has the characteristics of what is considered an electron. The information packages need not be identical for them to fall in the set of particle x. Apples are not identical even those from the same tree, but they are all considered apples. This is what quantum tunneling is showing, that not all the electrons are identical even though they all fall in the exclusive set of electrons.

Realizing that information packages need not be identical quantum tunneling is explained by the size of the electron, smaller particles passing through where the larger particles do not pass. The distribution of this phenomenon is likely a direct relationship between size of the particle, the amount of information of the particle and the size of the barrier such as Sp = a - bSb bounded by Sp = 0 and Sb = 0, such that:

Sp = size of particle
Sb = size of barrier
a = constant
b = constant

This is an experiment that can be carried out at any time with those with access to the equipment and it will be more than confirmed that it is the size of the information package that allows quantum tunneling. Constant variation in nature from the smallest to the largest of information packages.
If it is not the size then it is some particular information differentiating the particles.
Having determined that it is size that affects quantum tunneling, we will most likely also find that there is a familiar random distribution, there is a certain barrier size that the majority of particles go through.

This theory has industrial applications, building quantum computers one would need to be able to harvest the smallest information packages that determine a particle, saving energy, get more of the quantum effects.

Bhekuzulu Khumalo

Saturday, May 30, 2015

Dear Physics and scientific community at large

                                                                   Fffred~commonswiki

Dear Physics community/ science community
Rarely does one find themselves writing a letter. But Letters still mean the seriousness of the past, a somewhat personal means of communication even though the purpose for a letter is same as in ancient times, just the means of conveying the message has changed, technology making stuff less serious as it is more immediate.
There is always basics that must be exhausted, then everything becomes more basic. Would it not be better to exhaust the double slit experiment. There is still so much more we can learn, or unravel if we enjoy mystery games. Science is a sort of detective game, looking for patterns. Exhausting the double slit experiment will mean we can finally peek a little more into the basics of dimensions.
Why the double slit experiment was not exhausted is possibly about the original debates that Albert Einstein had with Neils Bohr. Their big debate was about  quantum mechanics  Is it possible to measure the properties of a particle without disturbing it? Bohr and Einstein wasted time here? Maybe it is not worth attacking something just because one cannot fully comprehend it. To justify his position, Bohr had to go deeper and deeper to counter arguments from Einstein and his supporters that he left exhausting the basic properties that can be learned from the most basic experiment. Winning the argument, Bohr and his supporters had very little time to analyze the subject in a proper manner, instead proving with deeper and deeper experimentation and theorizing.

The need to experiment with 2 slits but one of the slits is half the size of the other slits. There are 2 seriously strong logical expectations from this experiment. A pattern could show that the experimented has yielded a pattern such that the top half we get a particle behavior. At the bottom half we get a pattern behavior. This would mean the wave has a two dimensional property. This would be great news for those seriously taking the questions of dimensions seriously.
However there is the possibility that there is a wave pattern as when the 2 slits are of somewhat equal length. This would mean the wave is 3 dimensional. A quandary for both those looking into dimensions and those concentrating on finding more answers in quantum theory.
There is the other possibility that the pattern would give a particle behavior, not as strong logically but a possibility, who knows how the particle will behave when by just looking everything changes. When saying behave like a particle will mean one the two slits will appear at observation as one and a half slits.
There is the slim possibility that the experiment would yield particle behavior but at observation the patterns created by the 2 slits are identical. What a disaster this possibility would lead to, making fun of those believing they have an idea, giving humanity the awe a caveman had for fire and the moon.
  If it 2 dimensional everything falls more neatly into place. It means scientifically we have experimented and discovered a 2 dimensional phenomenon. Quantum mechanics then would become our first foray into the 2 dimensional universe, into actually observing any answers from any other dimensional phenomenon.
This would mean that mass comes from a 2 dimensional activity. Our existence, particles, would start from a 2 dimensional phenomenon, a phenomenon that has eluded our desire to observe, but we can learn more from activity we can create.
We are looking into the one dimensional world, more like theorizing about this world with string theory. We have the zero dimensional phenomenon, just a point, it takes no space whatsoever, that is information. The basic information that acts as catalyst by being involved with the 2 dimensional wave and formless matter. Obviously we will learn how by continuous investigation.

One must be careful, true we send information everywhere today by say means of photons, the information being discussed is the basic code to create a photon from formless matter, to create the most basic building blocks of matter from  formless matter. This information must be the same everywhere and remain constant. That the information remains constant is helpful in understanding entanglement. The same packet of information can never be different, changing it means immediately there is a correspondence with connected particle such that the law that the packet of information must always be the same. This information moves through a one dimensional connection.

In science we sometimes get stuck by looking at new phenomenon from our experiences, what experience do we have about a phenomenon that seemingly can travel if need be at trillions of times faster than light to deliver that information from one particle to another. It does not travel faster than light. Light is a particle, a photon. particles come from a field or wave. This information package is disturbed at zero dimensions there is no light, it has not been created, even at one or two dimensions in the field itself, there is no light, just information about light and formless matter. How then can we compare a phenomenon that exists where there is no light to light, a phenomenon first and only encountered thus far in the 3 dimensional universe of Einstein, Newton, and Pythagoras and where we exist and where all our experiences come from.
If the experiment with the slits is such that one slit is half the size of the other and we get a pattern such that at the top at observation we get a particle pattern but at the bottom a wave formation, our wave is 2 dimensional. This means our three dimensional world comes from a two dimensional foundation.
1 dimension comes from pure information
2 dimensional from 1 dimensional,
3 dimensional from 2 dimensional.
It will hold that 4 dimensional will come from 3 dimensional, what would that kind of observation have an effect on three dimensional space we exist in.

Information exists in all dimensions. In the second dimension this information creates particles, once particle is created it is three dimensional. A New set of information says this is what happens when basic particles interact in certain manner, we end up with life as well as with rocks, stars, water and everything else that is the world and universe we know, where Einsteins thoughts, Newtons thoughts are most relevant. Each dimension has a different set of information, the higher the dimension the more complex the information. Think about it, formless matter has no information, matter has more information, basic particle, plus how to remain stable, charge of particle, and much more information. Understanding this information must be key.

Understanding this information might help us look at why both Einstein and Bohr are correct. Bohr was looking at far simpler information that Einstein. True experimentation has proven entanglement beyond any shadow of a doubt, but in the three dimensional world a particle is rarely but a particle on its own. True basic package of information is the same, but imagine yourself, as you read this letter very well in you could be a bunch of electrons that are complimentary to electrons light years away. The basic information might remain the same but it is constrained by new information. Electron in you could be bound to a carbon atom whilst those light years away bound to a gold atom. This new information overwhelms the basic package that creates process of entanglement when particle is by itself. The entanglement is still there but has been overwhelmed by new information.

We can verify this information overwhelm by adjusting the Bell Test Experiment as conducted by Alain Aspect. There are two possible methods one can think of off hand, but this information overwhelm needs to be resolved to unite relativity and quantum mechanics.
method 1:- In the Experiment one path of the particles is not interfered with. We are shooting 2 particles. The path of the other particle is flooded with other identical particles with different polarization from filter, they can not pass the filters. The test will show that the particle either gets new information from the other particles or it does not, if it does get new information this information will overwhelm information from other particle interfering with entanglement.
method 2 :- The path of one particle is not interfered with. The other particle must pass through particles it is known to react with whose polarization does not match the filters. Once again if correlation is broken then there is an information overload. Entanglement is still there, but there is interference.
Has the concept of time completely disappeared, no. Though instantaneous the change from wave to particle, without observation we see that there was a time when particle behaved like a wave. Time has not completely disappeared in the quantum world, time has not completely disappeared in 2 dimensional universe.

A theory of everything will therefore have to include information and understanding of this formless matter. Therefore a theory of everything can be basically explained as
Ev = f(I), Ev = everything, I = information
Then we learn of formless matter, fm
Ev = f(I, fm)
The information becomes more and more complex the higher the dimension, d
Ev = f(I, fm, d)
A Theory of everything must include information, formless matter, and dimensions.

Exhausting the double slit theory will allow us to see more of this world. How weird is this world? That in the double slit experiment the particle seems to become 2 and interfere with itself. Without observation is it possible for us to keep the 2 particles separated, some physical or other phenomenon creates this barrier. Separating the 2 particles would mean we have actually created matter, that is a massive step in knowledge growth, a critical breakthrough worthy of a champagne party. It would mean in the future humans will be capable of creating matter all because we decided to take a step back and exhaust what should have been exhausted some time ago, the double slit experiment.
Quantum Physics contributes to Economy

Creating matter, humans sure would have come a long way. What seems to be practical in the near future is industrial applications of quantum theory. Who would have thought 100 years ago that quantum mechanics would be this close to contributing to the economy. How many people have really contributed with new thoughts, maybe 10, perhaps 20,  a multi billion dollar industry is on the verge of happening, if not multi trillion according to D. K Matai founder of quantum innovation labs.
The wise and those societies wanting to stay in the forefront are funding quantum technology, quantum computers, quantum time keepers, it is happening. This would represent a huge jump in technology available to humanity.  Quantum technology is very delicate, the process of entanglement must no be disturbed by being overwhelmed by unnecessary information.
Still the idea of creating matter is fascinating, creating matter from formless matter, not banging things together.

Speculation

What is formless matter, could it be the dark matter. When dark matter mixes with information behavior changes and matter is created. The conditions no longer exist to turn this dark matter to mass but we can create these conditions merely by separating what becomes two electrons. If it is possible to create matter, the basic principles set out in the most basic of principles must be scrutinized thoroughly. Alas likely answer is no, has instrumentation gone so far ahead it detects a 2 dimensional phenomenon. A good guess is that dark matter will be understood best by delving deeper into quantum research. However dark energy might be explained that when we do a double slit experiment with one slit half the size of the other, if we get a full wave pattern, then the wave is three dimensional. Then dark matter could be related to formless matter more than we can speculate at the moment.

Philosophy

Even if scientists do not like it, their works change our outlook on the universe. To some looking for answers science justifies no need for a creator. Others looking for the same answer, they look for the same answer because the question is the same? Where do you come from? Others science justifies their creator, especially the question of conscious and phenomenon at the quantum level. Like it or not, science has huge implications on how non scientists view the world.
Science therefore must be kept sacred, something sacred belongs to the entire human race. To keep it sacred is to keep it at the level it is contributions not politics or other non scientific reasoning.
Economists truly come from a most dismal science, a dismal people to the larger extent. To the larger part they have convinced people, the world of the need for elitism, promoting elitism society starts to hate liberty, the free market, and make people believe that only a selected few have natural rights, intellectual rights to think of such deep and profound issues like dimensions, quantum physics, even if they are stuck and in most cases wrong. This comes from a culture of esoteric reasoning that somehow it just is proper if so and so is better than so and so no never the other way round no matter what. Bohr is not known to the general public yet he outwitted Einstein on so many occasions. They ultimately will end up deciding that the correct answer from science is from the scientist who when the interrogator sticks a finger at them and asks how many fingers do I have up the interrogator expects an answer of 3. This culture defended by this economics of bailouts sips into industry, academia, it's culture it becomes everywhere, culture of entitlement, ultimately entitlement to the correct answer.

Scientists surely believe in the progress of mankind, that any human has the right to study what they desire, explore the universe in their minds if they so desire and show, share what they see after some deep thought that sometimes can be confirmed by experimentation. We understand that knowledge process need not be the same to make a contribution as long as what is presented is knowledge, to understand a law of science the starting point can start from completely different questions that need to be answered. This can easily be understood by reading the paper Point X and the economics of knowledge.

Science can only look at the question and answer, not who poses the question, not who answers the question, but science must look only at the answer, is this a plausible answer or has the mark been completely missed. All answers have to have the same scrutinizing process. In politics  and economics they like flamboyant answers from their cousins.
Anyhow

Time to see what happens with 1.5 slits. Eventually we will learn to create matter itself, or how to manipulate phenomenon to create matter. We will begin fully developing scientific principles applicable to 2 dimensional phenomenon, eventually laws applicable through all dimensions. Ladies and gentlemen, the technological singularity is far away, humanity has so much to learn to fully benefit from the bounties of the universe.

Bhekuzulu Khumalo



If you like what you read, be generous if you can it will be appreciated

Saturday, May 23, 2015

Quantum Physics, Double Slit Experiment, and Dimensions

 wikicommons

The double slit experiment in quantum physics reveals much important but unexplained phenomenon about the nature of this universe. The double slit experiment is basic to understanding quantum physics, without understanding this experiment fully it is impossible to fully understand quantum physics because there will be too many large questions left unanswered. Not to understand this experiment at its most basic one will never even comprehend  the marvels of the quantum world, the root of existence as we sense it.
Many thoughts and minds have been used to interpret this phenomenon, and from such we have parallel universes, even holographic universes, if we can endure these explanations we can indulge another thought, mixing things up a little bit more.
Many believe it is too complicated to actually understand why at times what is considered a particle behaves like a wave at times and a solid particle at other times. Terry Rudolph, a professor from Imperial College London mentioned some very interesting revelations about simplicity in a lecture he gave that was recorded on 29 October 2014 and uploaded on YouTube. The video is entitled Quantum Theory: it's unreal.
Rudolph showed a complicated slide of how to explain the movements of planets when taking the earth as the center of the solar system. The picture one gets is a complicated illustration of twirling circles, known as epicycles. But when the truth reveals itself it is much more simpler. When taking the sun as the center of the solar system everything else makes sense and a whole new science develops on the correct path.
Rudolph also kick started of the presentation with a good question what would a banana fundamentally be with human beings. The immediate answer to most would be a banana is a banana anyway in the universe because it's atomic structure must remain the same across all existence. However one thinking in a quantum manner would have to say no consciousness plays a crucial part in the world around us. A banana at the end of it all is just a conscious construction that happens to be there because human beings exist. At the end of the lecture no new thoughts are given though a question raised, quantum physics is stuck at further explanations to the double slit experiment and implications.
Usually subjects/ disciplines miss a key principle that they have skirted around, but extremely important principle that is needed to change the thought patterns. In a subject like economics that key principle is morals. In quantum physics is understanding what the slits can demonstrate if indeed they can demonstrate more.
It must have been mind blowing to the early pioneers in the subject of understanding quantum physics, man like Niels Bohr, when they realized what a large part human interference plays with particles, the simple act of observing. Because people are too scared to confront this conscious they become too scared, there might be ways around this by thinking broadly.
One can accept that particles can be waves, a conscious act make these waves particles, therefore this wave also carries information of the pattern. Waves before they become particles are simply information plus what should be termed formless matter.
A wave of electrons therefore is simply information concerning those electrons, information is not the particle. The wave contains the most basic information about particles, a manual for creation of a particle. That information becomes a particle. This is far from being far fetched, at the mere point of observation the wave becomes a particle, drop the idea of wave collapsing into a particle, if you accept the wording, the thinking process will block anything new entering the mind. At observation the wave becomes a particle, it does not collapse into a particle.
At point of observation the information in the wave allows matter to form. Obviously the matter is formless without the information on how to take form. One day we will understand where this information came from, but in this information is the DNA of matter, of the very basic particles. Formless matter can not also be the information at the same time. The formless matter only takes form with information. This formless matter can be thought of as a field perhaps, but ordinary people have a very different view of what a field is. We will by the end understand how to determine the dimension of this wave that is information and formless matter.
The puzzle begins when firing a single electron at a time at barrier with 2 slits when the particle without observation passes through a slit it behaves as if it is a wave. It interferes with itself. This means the atom breaks into 2 goes through both slits and interferes with itself. How on earth does a particle break into 2?
The mere conscious decision of observing at the slit particle remains a particle. But with no observation it behaves like a wave until point of observation some distance from the slits. What truly is going on?
At point of observation information gives matter form, it is the very foundation of the material. Without observation information passes through both slits.It is the distribution of the information that allows the particle to seemingly pass through slits. Information like nature seemingly abhors a vacuum of some sorts. Vacuums offer least resistance, to information those 2 slits offered path of least resistance and the interference allows information eventually to be spread over a wider area, in this case the information of a particular basic particle in most cases with this type of experiment an electron. This is why we most likely see the patterns of the universe as they are, information dispersed as widely as possible.
It seems this information is more than just the mere ability to change formless matter into its most basic constituents of matter, it also includes speed, and an exact measurement of location of the particle as well the surrounding resistance.
This can be easily verified by adjusting the double slit experiment. The famous double slit experiment carried two slits of fairly similar proportions. But we can change this and make one slit half the size of the other and see what happens. We would expect a proportional reduction of wave pattern if the wave flowing through is 2 dimensional. By this I mean if one slit is chopped in half, the half where there are 2 slits the pattern will show wave behavior, however where one slit stands alone we would expect particle behavior.
One says proportional change as this is the quantum we expect not too much until an experiment can be done. Being the quantum world, it would not be too shocking to find that the wave is 3 dimensional. If the wave is 3 dimensional it means that even if one slit is half the other, without observation there is a wave pattern. This can only be possible with the idea of true instantaneous behavior, principles underpinning principles of entanglement. In the case of one particle going through the slits above the half slit, it means the information travels down, crosses barrier, comes up whilst the other information stream was moving at nearly the speed of light but they have remained parallel not just in paths but in distance.
This basic information it must be clearly understood just gives structure to formless matter. It allows matter to gain mass so to say, how does formless matter gain mass, it is all contained in the code that allows matter to be created.
Varying the slits will allow us to gain much more knowledge of the behavior of the very smallest constituents of existence besides merely the dimension of the wave. This way progress can still be made without getting stuck on the conscious. It will reveal itself as we gain more and more behavior about quantum matter.
There is equal opportunity before any experiment that the result of dimensions of waves is either 2 of 3 dimensional. The beauty of this experiment is that both answers our knowledge would gain.

Bhekuzulu Khumalo


If you like what you read, be generous if you can it will be appreciated

search

 

Blog Archive

Bhekuzulu Khumalo

I write about knowledge economics, information, liberty, and freedom